Friday, May 8, 2020
Security And Compliance Policy Document - 970 Words
Security and Compliance Policy Document: Law and your IT Environment There are at least 36 states that have enacted legislation that requires sensitive and personal information to warn the individuals of a security breach. The states that are led the way in creation these kind of laws is California, And all the other state would expanded upon the requirements by the way that California has start to do with creation the laws. You also have federal legislation. They also have survey data that they have collected to identity theft. If there is a breach you have to be notification by law. The breach notification duties would in power them to have new access controls, they may also want to encryption everything that they have on their system. They would not want to have any open source or any clear text to where any one that want to get it could. You want to create safe place period for notification. A concerns that identity theft a data center has leaked personal information of over 265,000 California state employees the legislature in this countryââ¬â ¢s was the first state that level the security breach notification. This law was in affective in July 1, 2003 and it was call the security breach information act or senate bill 1386. After this data breach notification law was done In other states are doing the same kind of laws that would deal with the same data breaches. In this studies in which they show roughly between 200 to 250 breaches. Most of the majority of all incidents andShow MoreRelatedRole Of Auditing And Regulatory Compliance1558 Words à |à 7 Pages ROLE OF AUDITING IN REGULATORY COMPLIANCE BY: SHEFALI VERMA (A-20325809) ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHICAGO ABSTRACT Risk, compliance and governance activities are by nature interconnected and rely on common sets of informationRead MoreCase Analysis : Topaz Information Solutions1184 Words à |à 5 Pagesor disclosure of protected health information (PHI) on behalf of or for a covered entity. As a business associate (BA), Topaz is required to complete an annual security risk assessment to evaluate the physical, administrative and technical safeguards implemented to comply with HIPAAââ¬â¢s Privacy and Security Rules. The Privacy and Security Rules require that a covered entity obtains satisfactory assurances from its business associates that the business associate appropriately safeguards the PHI itRead MoreLaw And Policy Case Study786 Words à |à 4 PagesLaw and Policy Case Study Information security is often still playing in companies only a minor role. Many companies neglect aspects such as system misuse, sabotage or even espionage. But by now the reality has caught up with them. Straight from abroad there are more hacker attacks and espionage by competitors. Therefore, the law requires different approaches before to ensure information security. Companies must for example ensure that their information-processing systems are protected and kept safeRead MoreImplementation Of The Planwise Au Information Security Policy824 Words à |à 4 PagesPlanwise AU Information Security Policy is to ensure we maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability our information, including customer information. This is because our information that can be accessed by employees, contractors, external parties and customers must be protected from inappropriate use, modification, loss or disclosure. This policy is guided by the ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Information technology - Security techniques -Code of practice for information security controls and sets outRead MoreInformation Technology Security Best Practices Essay939 Words à |à 4 Pages(ABC). Reliable and properly secured information is essential for ABC to carry out its mission. This document provides the overall framework within which the security of information will be maintained and promoted across ABC Corporation. The security requirements contained in this document is intended to complement the mandatory compliance requirements defined in the Information Technology Security Best Practices (ITSBP). 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Definitions Electronic Protected Health Information (e-PHI) ââ¬â Any individually identifiable health information protected by HIPAA that is transmitted by or stored in electronic media Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) ââ¬â Regulations protecting the privacy and security of certain healthRead MoreThe Company ( Regulatory Compliance Policies )903 Words à |à 4 Pages C. The Company (Regulatory Compliance Policies) 1. Federal: The following are a sampling of federal laws that often apply to businesses that maintain an individualââ¬â¢s personal and financial information. The company currently does not have the infrastructure in place to be in compliance with these laws. a) The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP), Title V, Disclosures and Discovery, Rule 34, specifies that a party in a civil procedure be able: ââ¬Å"to produce and permit the requesting party or itsRead MoreA Short Note On Short Paper Application Of Laws1236 Words à |à 5 PagesM6A1 - Short Paper Application of Laws K-LiWin Consulting has been contacted by four distinct companies to advise them on their information management needs as related to security. Each company has differing needs based on the regulation and laws pertaining to their specific industry. Each student should provide a thorough review of one of the laws listed above. They should prepare a report and make a presentation as to the provisions, if any, that apply to the associated company. In the case of
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Depth Scales Free Essays
16. 7 Depth Scales * Explain what is meant by a ââ¬Å"hypnotic depth scale. â⬠* Give examples and explain the issues relating to the use of depth scales When discussing the topic of hypnotic depth they are referring to how ââ¬Ëdeepââ¬â¢ the subject is/can go into hypnosis and what is possible at that perceived level of depth. We will write a custom essay sample on Depth Scales or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you do the research you will find lots of different scales of depth, here I have taken the scale from the coursework provided by Adam Eason School of Therapeutic Hypnosis which upon research appears to originally come from Harry Arons, 1961 1. Hypnoidal ââ¬â heavy muscle and relaxed nerves ââ¬â drowsiness ââ¬â awareness (got out of bed feeling). 2. Light hypnosis ââ¬â physical response to suggestions ââ¬â mind focused on suggestions ââ¬â reacts to arm, etc. rigidity. 3. Medium Hypnosis ââ¬â deeply relaxed ââ¬â subject will not speak unless asked ââ¬â unable to perform actions unless asked to do move arm ââ¬â rise from chair ââ¬â move head. 4. Profound Hypnosis (deep hypnosis) ââ¬â partial amnesia when awakened ââ¬â posthypnotic suggestions can be submitted ââ¬â numbing parts of the body (ANALGESIA). 5. Somnambulism ââ¬â total amnesia and anaesthesia is possible ââ¬â age regression is possible ââ¬â positive hallucinations possible. . Profound Somnambulism ââ¬â removal of programmed information ââ¬â posthypnotic suggestions ââ¬â most all suggestions are carried out without questions. Often referred to as a coma state! Difficult to get out of this state ââ¬â may need to bribe unconscious mind (you will not be allowed o experience this again unlessâ⬠¦) Now, in 1961, the above scale may have seemed perfectly accurate and as time passes, more and more discoveries are being made about hypnosis and one of those discoveries is that some, if not all of the intended suggestions can easily be obtained at a lower level of depth or lighter trance as is suggested. For instance, amnesia and ideomotor suggestions can take place within light hypnosis and I also know this personally from experiencing this myself from both being a subject and a facilitator of hypnosis. There have also been many scales of susceptibility created to test suggestibility within the ââ¬Ëdepthââ¬â¢ of hypnosis or trance that the subject is in. One particularly scale is the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale created in 1938 which created 3 forms, A, B and C on which consisted of varying levels of tests to be given to the subject. The below list is the example of form A 1 Postural Sway 2 Eye Closure 3 Hand Lowering (left) Immobilisation (right arm) 5 Finger Lock 6 Arm Rigidity (left arm) 7 Hands Moving Together 8 Verbal Inhibition (name) 9 Hallucination (fly) 10 Eye Catalepsy 11 Post-hypnotic (changes chairs) 12 Amnesia There are many more of these scales available for research but I have shown the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale as a prime example of what they consist of. A big issue with the depth scale is does really exist? Are there really levels of hypnosis? I cannot prove it either way, but in therapy, do we need to, If the client believes through our suggestion that they are going deeper, then isnââ¬â¢t real to them. How to cite Depth Scales, Papers
Monday, April 27, 2020
Observation of various lifestyles
Toddlers are children between the age of one year and two and half years. At this stage, kids are growing and also spending their time playing. Kids at this age are very active especially in the playground. I observed the children in the playground. The playground was quite small, just an acre.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Observation of various lifestyles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was green, with the grass neatly planted and evenly cut. The field was well organized with various gamesââ¬â¢ equipment. At one end of the field were swings that the kids used for swinging. On the other end, there were bouncing castles that kids seemed to enjoy. In addition to this, there was a small room that contained childrenââ¬â¢s toys. This was the room in which indoor gamesââ¬â¢ were played. In this room, I observed that most children played indoor games. The number of kids in the playground was approxi mately fifty, who were between one and two years old. The children in the room were busy painting various objects while others were playing with toys. Some of the children were off by themselves. The kids who could walk were having their fun in the bouncing castles while their caretaker observed them. The children of all ages seemed very friendly. They seemed to recognize each other. The older ones seemed to take care of the small ones while playing. They also aggressively involved them in various games. The children seemed to have known each other for a while. However, there were some children mostly aged two years, and above who were bulling the smaller children by snatching their toys. The younger kids did not appear to like them. Crying was observed among the younger kids who were seeking attention of the caregiver. Hence, most of them were playing with the caregivers or with the older kids but under supervision. None of the children had physical disabilities. For the toddlers a ged one to two and half years, the toddlers are more balanced with adults-like appearance. Some of the physical issues the kids were experiencing were mastering the many skills for example, sitting, walking, using a spoon, and at least throwing a ball and recognizing a toy placed in front of them. The kids aged one year old were the most affected. The kids aged two years were doing just fine at these skills. These were normal issues that could be managed by therapy.Advertising Looking for case study on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the children were sheathing behind their playmates in knowing to make speech sounds. They did not know how to pronounce some names for example, some pronounced rabbit as wabbit. They had a problem in expressing themselves in speech. Most of the children only knew the common words like mum. Some also had poor reception. An example of these issues was children who did not re spond to their names. The children mistook certain sounds. Observing the childrenââ¬â¢s social emotional issues, the children were more aware of emotion. Their emotions were varying. The children were often frustrated since they wanted to be independent. The children enjoyed playing along with some children but had a problem interacting with others. Some also had a problem with sharing. For instance, some were not open to sharing their toys with others. In such situations the care giver had to intervene. Some of the children also experienced anxiety around people they did not know. I also observed temper tantrums among the kids when frustrated or when not able to communicate what they wanted. Most of the children recognized emotions of other kids. For example some comforted the crying children. In the church day care, I observed children aged four and five years. The setting was a classroom style where the children were taught various Christian teachings. There was also a small p layground that the children went for breaks after each lesson. The interaction of these children was fair. The children knew each other by names. They played together. The children were twenty in number. The children recognized the care giver and seemed to respect her. They seemed to have stayed together for quite a long time. Observing their physical behavior, the children seemed to love each other. They treated each other as family. They played together. They also seemed to participate quite well in various group discussions when assigned. None of the children was disabled. None of them was obese. Most of the children here were missing some milk teeth. They were all well dressed and groomed except that the clothes were dirty by evening due to the continuous play. Some had stronger motor skills than others. The children had to be told one thing several times otherwise by the next day most had to be reminded what they had leant the previous day. I also observed that most of the chil dren had the logic skills of solving problems amongst themselves when conflicts arose. All the children were fluent in their speech. There were no issues observed in their cognitive behavior. The children were learning how to read and other academic skills.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Observation of various lifestyles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Observing their social emotional behavior, the children were emotionally attached to the other children. The kids at this age are at a position to control their emotions. The kids were expressing the desire to be independent. I also observed display of emotional tantrums, extremes and contradictions. The children were constantly interacting with other children. Observing the comparison and contract of development behavior of older and younger children, the older children seemed to understand their environment much better than the young ones. The children ag ed five had grown up and were at a position to control their emotions. In learning, the older children seemed to learn faster. The older children engaged in less risky situations compared to the younger ones. With development behavior, the older ones showed faster progress. During the observation time, there did not appear any abnormal behavior. The children behavior could be termed as normal. The children had no theories of any addition and addictive behavior since the care givers were there to correct them. The children had no theories of any addition and addictive behavior since the care givers were there to correct them. Some of the issues that the children came across could easily be addressed by therapy. These issues were normal since as the child grew they faded away. Conclusion Feeding children well facilitates a healthy lifestyle. In addition, close observation of the children by both the caregivers and the parents will facilitate the well-being of the children. Taking a ch ild to clinics for weighing and checkups also ensures healthy lifestyle. This case study on Observation of various lifestyles was written and submitted by user Elisabeth Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
How to Create a ServiceScape Profile That Gets Results
How to Create a ServiceScape Profile That Gets Results When you enlist your services as an online freelancer in todays digital age, you have to go above and beyond to outshine the competition. With more than 35% of Americans participating in the gig economy to some degree, its safe to say that youre competing against some top-tier talent out there.Thats why it is important to optimally present yourself and your skill set so that clients can be convinced of your worth. We are going to focus on your profile, which is the starting point for every interaction on ServiceScape, and delve into how to clearly communicate what clients want to hear.Your ServiceScape profile contains the following information (in no particular order):DescriptionHeadshot PhotographPortfolioVideo IntroductionCredentialsUsernameRatings and ReviewsPricesThe more effort you put into each and every one of these profile elements, the more successful you will be at attracting clients.A shopping experience always begins with presentation. Think of it this way: when clients come to ServiceScape, their initial interaction is similar to going to a bookstore and browsing book covers that catch their eye. As design expert Sabrina Smelko puts it:They say not to judge a book by its cover, but who are we kidding? Its undeniable that the cover of a book affects your decision to either read on or put it back on the shelf. In todays visual culture, this can be even more true for anyone who runs any kind of business, whether online or brick-and-mortar.With so many visuals coming at us from our computers, phones and various feeds - let alone the world outside our doors - it seems were almost expected to have a cool logo and visually-rich branded content in order to even be noticed. And regardless of whether you want to succumb to this fact or not, as exhausting as it can be, its hard to deny that a first impression can have a huge impact and influence on your business; which, much like a book cover, can determine the number of customers who open the door.Sabrina Smelko, Tips Tricks for Creating a Customer-Catching Storefront DisplayEssentially, your profile is your book cover and is the first step for convincing clients to learn more about you and what you have to offer. We are going to break down each element of your profile, why it is important, and how to curate it to your personal advantage.Lets get started.DescriptionYour description is the brief paragraph that communicates who you are, what you can offer, and what clients can expect from working with you. Equipped with a character limit, its up to you to fit as much information as possible into a concise, witty, and informative blurb. If you are not a writer/editor, its worth considering editing services to ensure your description reflects proper grammar, syntax, and spelling.We recommend, at the very least, that you include the following:Three areas of your expertiseWhat you can promise clients every single timeYour own personal catchy tagline. Something like Lets get to work.After writing your description, you should reread it from the perspective of a client. Is the description written with enthusiasm and energy? Does it connect with you and what you need as an imaginary client? In other words, would you hire yourself? If the answer is no, keep working on it until you are satisfied with the results.Tip #1: Check out other professionals descriptions. See whats working for them. Although you cannot plagiarize, theres no harm in getting a little inspiration from the other people in your field.Headshot PhotographNext, although your description will communicate exactly what it is you can offer clients, your headshot photograph will be the first piece of media they glance over when they discover your profile. Humans are visually oriented, which means headshots can make or break your profile.Here are our tips for what you should consider when picking a headshot:Every headshot must be high resolution; grainy quality automatically tells a buyer that you are unprofes sional.Smile and look pleasant; relatability is important and no one wants to work with a grouch.Here is an example of a good headshot photograph. The photo is high resolution and the individual is friendly and engaging.Although headshots may vary depending on your area of expertise, its worth it to see a professional photographer and to get a real headshot taken. Blurry photos taken by phones and laptops will be noted, communicating to clients that you are not serious about how you present yourself or your freelance business.Be sure to check out the competition. What seems to be the best headshot move for the most successful professionals? This is a good indication of where you should go with the headshot.Tip #2: A little analytics testing is an easy way to find a photo that works best for you. Compare your inquiry results over a 3-month period, with a different photo each month. Which photo performed the best?PortfolioNow that you have a brilliant headshot and descriptive blurb in place, its time to focus on what demonstrates your skills and expertise. Compiling a portfolio that accurately reflects what you can offer clients will take time. Be sure you have approval from past clients to include their works in your public portfolio ââ¬â its not always proper to go ahead and plaster business names from past projects.Remember: people dont have a lot of time today. They are going to sift through your profile quickly before they decide to choose you. That means that quality over quantity is what you want to focus on here. If you provide three different types of writing services, highlight just one piece from each area of expertise. Obviously, spend time reading over the piece extensively to ensure that there are no typos before you use it in your profile.Lastly, as time goes on, one, two, or three years can fly by while youre freelancing online. Update your profile to reflect your most recent work. If you keep showcasing work from a few years ago, clients wil l start to wonder if you are hiding something. Never get complacent!Tip #3: Remember, humans are visual creatures. Try and make your portfolio fun to look at, with eye-popping color and contrasting fonts. You dont want to make freelancer shopping feel like a mundane chore for clients.Here is an example of a great portfolio. You should make your portfolio stand out by uploading sample files that are captivating and attention-grabbing.Video IntroductionThis is a great place to let your personality shine through. In many cases, buyers might skip over the portfolio and description and go straight to the video. Why? Because they are on the go, hoping that you will speak to them so they dont have to read about you. Its just the way of the digital world today.Video introductions dont have to be Hollywood masterpieces. They can be you at a desk, providing a background on your services in just 30 seconds. Whatever you send over, well do our best to improve it on our end before we add it to y our profile. Well edit your video and add music so that it is entertaining and informative. However, bonus points for those who can edit their own videos to create a more professional setting.At the very least, in your video introduction, try to include:A simple introduction: Hello, and thank you for looking at my profileWhat you can do for clients on ServiceScapeHow long youve been freelancing (only if you are not a new freelancer)A couple of interesting facts/tidbits that make you seem charismatic, funny, or interestingIts definitely worth investing in video production services to get this video introduction just right. An impressive video can boost your profile popularity tremendously.Hiring a video production service is a smart idea. High-quality video content will allow you to build trust by providing a face and a voice to your freelance venture within a professional setting.CredentialsIf a video introduction represents one side of the selling yourself spectrum in which charism a count for a lot, credentials definitely represent the other side. This is where clients will learn about what you have specifically done and how that specifically applies to what they need.A ServiceScape credential contains just the name of a position/degree and the institution where you held that position/received that degree. Nothing more and nothing less. This allows a client to quickly glance though your experience and expertise without any sales pitch and to get to the core of what you do best.You should select your credentials carefully, making sure that each one makes a case for why you are an expert in your field. The listed order of your credentials is also important. If you have a Ph.D., dont have your B.A. degree as your first credential.UsernameYour username is the brand name for your freelance business. This is going to be the largest piece of text within your profile, so making it stand out is a priority. The catchier and more creative your username is, the more like ly it is that you will capture the interest of potential clients. As Arun Bhati, CEO of Orahi, stated in Entrepreneur.com:Good names, like good logos, evoke a strong passion for your brand, while bad names elicit distaste or worse still, indifference. A great brand name can be a solid competitive advantage for your company, especially when feature sets between two or more brands are roughly the same. A brands value is what it offers its customers and what it promises to do for them in the long run and must convey its uniqueness in a way that the customer is drawn to use it just by the mention of its name.Arun Bhati, Why Brand Name is Important for Start-Ups?Some professionals use their first names as their usernames. Though it does make your profile more personable, a username can also convey your professional capabilities. When deciding on your username, take a look at your competition first and see how they approach this issue.Tip #4: Coming up with a witty username can be difficu lt. Even if you find a username that you like, the idea could already have been taken by another ServiceScape professional. The best thing to do if you are out of ideas is to try a business name generator. There are many generators out there that you can try. After using a few of them, you should be able to find a username that is a unique and memorable representation of your services.Ratings and ReviewsThis is where your client interaction skills will shine through, whether you want them to or not. Thats why its so important to practice proper customer service with every single client, no matter how you feel about them. At the end of the day, they get to review you publicly, and that goes on your profile. Other clients will be able to read it. Go above and beyond, especially during your first few projects, to impress your clients. A stellar review can easily grab you another five projects.Review volume will give veteran freelancers an advantage. However, if you are new to ServiceSc ape dont worry. Building a client base takes time. With enough commitment and dedication, you can rack up the same number of reviews as those ahead of you today.PricesLastly, your profile is where clients can mull over your prices. If you dont know how to price a service, we recommend the following suggestion:Find five sellers in your field who seem to be dominating. Add up their rates and divide by five. Use that number as your initial rate for starting out.As time goes on, you can always increase your prices. You never want to come in so high that no one wants to buy from you, though. But, do be careful of coming in too low and giving off the impression that your work is sub-par or that you are desperate for clients.What you get out of your ServiceScape profile is entirely up to youNo, you dont have to cross your fingers and pray that a client comes your way. You can actually lure them to your services if you follow our tips for curating a professional profile. Spend some time, re search the competition, and remember to never get too complacent! Its normal to fine-tune things every few months.Need more help? Here are some great resources which I would recommend:Alex Fasulo ââ¬â Learn How to Make Money from HomeDiana Marinova ââ¬â Freelance Coach Marking ConsultantFreelancer Profile: 5 Steps To Making A Killer Impact
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
How to Search for Files and Folders With Delphi
How to Search for Files and Folders With Delphi When looking for files, it is often useful and necessary to search through subfolders. Here, see how to use Delphis strength to create a simple, but powerful, find-all-matching-files project. File/Folder Mask SearchProject The following project not only lets you search for files through subfolders, but it also lets you easily determine file attributes, such as Name, Size, Modification Date, etc. soà you can see when to invoke the File Properties Dialog from the Windows Explorer. In particular, it demonstrates how to recursively search through subfolders and assemble a list of files that match a certain file mask. The technique of recursion is defined as a routine that calls itself in the middle of its code. In order to understand the code in the project, we have to familiarize ourselves with the next three methods defined in the SysUtils unit: FindFirst, FindNext, and FindClose. FindFirst function FindFirst(const Path: string; Attr: Integer; var Rec: TSearchRec): Integer; FindFirst is the initialization call to start a detailed file search procedure using Windows API calls. The search looks for files that match the Path specifier. The Path usually includes wildcard characters (* and ?). Attr parameter contains combinations of file attributes to control the search. The file attribute constants recognized in Attr are: faAnyFile (any file), faDirectory (directories), faReadOnly (read only files), faHidden (hidden files), faArchive (archive files), faSysFile (system files) and faVolumeID (volume ID files). If FindFirst finds one or more matching files it returns 0 (or an error code for failure, usually 18) and fills in the Rec with information about the first matching file. In order to continue the search, we have to use the same TSearcRec record and pass it to the FindNext function. When the search is completed the FindClose procedure must be called to free internal Windows resources. The TSearchRec is a record defined as: typeTSearchRec record Time: Integer; Size: Integer; Attr: Integer; Name: TFileName; ExcludeAttr: Integer; FindHandle: THandle; FindData: TWin32FindData; end; When the first file is found the Rec parameter is filled, and the following fields (values) can be used by your project.. Attr, the files attributes as described above.. Name holds a string that represents a file name, without path information. Size in bytes of the file found.. Time stores the files modification date and time as a file date.. FindData contains additional information such as the file creation time, last access time, and both the long and short file names. FindNext function FindNext(var Rec: TSearchRec): Integer; The FindNext function is the second step in the detailed file search procedure. You have to pass the same search record (Rec) that has been created by the call to FindFirst. The return value from FindNext is zero for success or an error code for any error. FindClose procedure FindClose(var Rec: TSearchRec) ; This procedure is the required termination call for a FindFirst/FindNext. Recursive File Mask Matching Searching in Delphi This is the Searching for files project as it appears at run time. The most important components on the form are two edit boxes, one list box, a checkbox and a button. Edit boxes are used to specify the path you want to search in and a file mask. Found files are displayed in the List box and if the checkbox is checked then all subfolders are scanned for matching files. Below is the small code snippet from the project, just to show that searching for files with Delphi is as easy as can be: procedure FileSearch(const PathName, FileName : string) ;var Rec : TSearchRec;Path : string;begin Path : IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(PathName) ; if FindFirst (Path FileName, faAnyFile - faDirectory, Rec) 0 thentryrepeat ListBox1.Items.Add(Path Rec.Name) ; until FindNext(Rec) 0;finally FindClose(Rec) ; end;...{all the code, particularly recursivefunction call can be found (downloaded) inthe project source code}...end;
Saturday, February 15, 2020
Chemistry Research Paper - Vitamin B12 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Chemistry - Vitamin B12 - Research Paper Example The cobalt ? position, which is the region below the corrin ring plane, may either be open or could be occupied by a side chain of a heterocyclic nitrogen or the solvent (Combs 55). Methyl, nitro, aqua, sulfato, sulfito, hydroxo, 5-deoxyadenosyl, Br-, CN- or a Cl- group may occupy the cobalt ? position, which is the region above the corrin ring plane (Combs 55). The molecule is an octahedral complex, which apart from the corrin ring, also contains a nucleotide along with another cobalt bound group. The corrin ring is formed of four pyrrole rings, three of which are linked with methylene bridges and one with a direct bond. The cobalt atom (Co3+) at the center of the corrin ring is triply ionized and is bound to the nitrogen atoms of the four pyrrole rings (Combs 56). Chemistry Removal of the central cobalt atom of the molecule results in loss of biological activity. Like all corrinoids, vitamin B12 is a crystalline substance with absorption spectra above 300 nm due to ?-? transitions in the corrin ring (Combs 56). It is yellow, red or red-orange in color, is soluble in water, fairly heat stable, and decomposes above 210Ã °C (Combs 57). ... Functions and Mechanism Vitamin B12 has a key role in the metabolism of folate in the human body (Insel et al. 452). It transfers a methyl group from the folate coenzyme Tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) converting THFA to its methylene form. In absence of the vitamin, THFA cannot transform into its methylene form, which is its active form that is involved in many metabolic pathways (Insel et al. 452). As THFA is involved in folate metabolism, deficiency of vitamin B12 results in the deficiency of folate because of absence of active form of THFA. Therefore, vitamin B12 deficiency amounts to folate deficiency, which in turn leads to megaloblastic anemia. Several enzymes that convert homocysteine to methionine are also dependant on vitamin B12 and THFA. Conversion of homocysteine to methionine reduces the levels of homocysteine in the blood, thereby lowering the risk of heart diseases. This mechanism is affected in case of vitamin B12 deficiency (Insel et al. 453). Vitamin B12 also functions in the maintenance of the myelin sheath, which is a protective coat surrounding nerve fibres (Insel et al. 453). Moreover, some fatty acid chains require rearrangement of their carbon atoms in order to enter the citric acid cycle. This function is also performed by vitamin B12 (Insel et al. 453). Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver and can last for about 2 years, while the symptoms of its deficiency may not be apparent for up to almost 12 years (Insel et al. 454). Anemia is the major outcome of vitamin B12 deficiency. In absence of vitamin B12 and in turn, folate, megaloblasts are formed instead of red blood cells, leading to megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency also results in cognitive defects by causing
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Ethical Issues Of Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Ethical Issues Of Euthanasia - Essay Example In this modern world, despite the progress that has been made both in science and technology and in particular in the regulations and law field, there is still a lot of controversy and ambiguity over the notion of euthanasia ( the peaceful death). Therefore, this ethical dilemma may impose the legal and ethical risk on health care providers. The legal and ethical aspects of the notion of euthanasia are commonly debated in many countries. Several opinions are offered which are based on the principles of religious beliefs and personal morality. Hence, researchers and scientists are still trying to reach a general consensus on this dilemma that is ethical in nature (Somerville, 2001).In countries that practice the Islamic faith, there are debates and discussions on withdrawing or withholding the life support therapies or giving a patient at the end of life the freedom to choose peaceful death. Healthcare providers have no protection or immunity if they decide to help a patient die based on the Islamic law. Therefore, from the point of view of Islam, a patient has no right to die voluntarily since life is an opportunity to refine the spirit and is a divine trust. Thus, nobody has the right to end a human life by interfering through active assistance (McDougall et al., 2008).Therefore, withdrawing or withholding treatment of a patient is very difficult and can never be universal without considering the social, religious and cultural factors when it comes to decision making.
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